See what the India was at 1835......

సంపూర్ణ సూర్యగ్రహణం

-NÕ¢ê’-Ÿç-«ª½Õ...
ªÃ£¾Ý-„Ã.. -“œÄ’¹-¯Ã? “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ©Õ.. ‡¯îo „ä© \@Áx ÊÕ¢* «ÖÊ« ¯Ã’¹-J-¹-ÅŒÅî åXÊ-„ä-®¾Õ-¹×-¤ò-§ŒÖªá. ¨ ’¹«Õ-Ê¢©ð «âœµ¿-N-¬Çy-²Ä©Õ, ¬Ç®ÔY§ŒÕ X¾J-èÇc-Ê«â ®¾«Ö¢-ÅŒ-ª½¢’à X¾§ŒÕ-E®¾Öh «ÍÃaªá. ¨ È’î@Á ÆŸ¿Õs´ÅŒ¢ ÆX¾p-šËÂÌ.. ƒX¾p-šËÂÌ.. ‡X¾p-šËÂÌ ‚®¾-ÂËh-¹-ª½-„çÕiÊ Æ¢¬Á„äÕ. «ÖÊ-«Û-œË©ð EÅŒu¢ ƒC ¹×ÅŒÖ-£¾Ç-©ÇEo ª½T-L-®¾Öh¯ä …¢C. ƒX¾p-šËÂÌ “’¹£¾Çº¢ ®¾¢¦µ¼-N¢-*Ê “X¾A-²ÄK \Ÿî ÂíÅŒh N†¾§ŒÕ¢ „ç©Õ-’¹Õ-©ðÂË «®¾Öh¯ä …¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ꠬Ǯ¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh-©Â¹× ÆŸî «áÈu X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-¯Ã¢¬Á¢. ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Ç-ºÇ-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢* ¯Ãœ¿Õ.. ¯äœ¿Õ „ÃuXÏh©ð …Êo ÂíEo ®¾¢’¹-ÅŒÕ-LO..

®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢
* ®¾Öª½Õu-œËÂË, ¦µ¼ÖNÕÂË «ÕŸµ¿u ÍŒ¢“Ÿ¿ÕœË ªÃ«œ¿¢ «©x “’¹£¾Çº¢ \ª½p-œ¿Õ-ŌբC.
* ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢ ’¹J-†¾e-²Än-ªá©ð 7.5 ENÕ-³Ä©Õ …¢{Õ¢C.
* ¦µ¼Ö«Õ-Ÿµ¿u-êªÈ “¤Ä¢Åéðx “’¹£¾Çº¢ ͵çŒÕ ’¹¢{Â¹× 1,100 „çÕi@Áx „ä’¹¢Åî “X¾§ŒÖ-ºË-®¾Õh¢C. “Ÿµ¿Õ„é «Ÿ¿l ¨„ä’¹¢ 5„ä© „çÕi@ÁÙx’à …¢{Õ¢C.
* ®¾¢X¾Üª½g ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ²ÄnE¹ …³òg-“’¹ÅŒ Â¹ØœÄ ¦µÇK’à ŌT_-¤ò§äÕ Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ …¢C.
* “X¾A 18 \@Áx-Âî-²ÄJ ŸÄŸÄX¾Û ŠêÂ-ª½-¹-„çÕiÊ (X¾ÜJh, „ÃJ¥Â¹, ¤ÄÂË~¹) “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ©Õ \ª½p-œÄ-Åêá.
* ®¾¢X¾Üª½g ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢ \ª½pœä “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ ÊÕ¢* ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 3„ä© „çÕi@Áx «ª½Â¹Ø ¤ÄÂË~¹ “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇEo OÂË~¢-ÍŒ-«ÍŒÕa.

‚¢Ÿî-@Á-Ê©Õ
“’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ© ’¹ÕJ¢* “X¾•-©Â¹× ƒX¾p-šËÂÌ Æ¯ä¹ ‚¢Ÿî-@Á-Ê©Õ …¯Ãoªá. ‚§ŒÖ «ÕÅÃ-ÍÃ-ªÃ-©Â¹× ÆÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’à ÂíEo “X¾Åäu¹ Âê½u-“¹-«Ö©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ-®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ.

* ¦µÇª½-Åý©ð “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ-©åXj X¾©Õ ¦µ¼§ŒÖ©Õ …¯Ãoªá. OšË «©x ’¹ª½s´®¾n P¬ÁÙ-«Û-©Â¹× £¾ÉE •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Ōբ-Ÿ¿E ¦µÇN-²Ähª½Õ. “’¹£¾Çº¢ «á¢Ÿ¿Õ «¢œËÊ X¾ŸÄ-ªÃn-©ÊÕ Â¹ØœÄ ¤Äêª-²Ähª½Õ.
* Ÿä„Ã-©-§ŒÖ-©ÊÖ «âæ®-²Ähª½Õ. Ÿî†¾ E„Ã-ª½-ºÂ¹× “X¾Åäu¹ X¾Ü•©Õ Íä²Ähª½Õ.
* “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ© ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð «á®Ïx¢©Õ ®¾©Ç-ÅŒÕ-©üÐ-¹×-®¾ÕX¶ý Æ¯ä “X¾Åäu¹ “¤Äª½nÊ Íä²Ähª½Õ.
* 19« ¬ÁÅÃ-¦l¢©ð Â¹ØœÄ “’¹£¾Çº¢ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð “œÄ’¹-¯þÊÕ ÅŒJ-„äÕ-殢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× Íçj¯Ã ¯öÂÃ-Ÿ¿@Á¢ X¶Ïª½¢-’¹Õ©Õ æXLa-Ê{Õx Íç¦Õ-Åê½Õ.
* 1989©ð ®¾¢¦µ¼-N¢-*Ê ¤ÄÂË~¹ ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢ ¯çj°-J-§ŒÖ©ð £ÏÇ¢®¾Â¹× ŸÄJ-B-®Ï¢C. ¤ÄX¾-X¾-J-£¾Éª½¢ æXª½ÕÅî Âí¢Ÿ¿ª½Õ ƒ@ÁxÂ¹× EX¾Ûp åXšÇdª½Õ. ¨ X¶¾Õ{-Ê©ðx 28 «Õ¢C ÍŒE-¤ò-§ŒÖª½Õ.

Ê«Õt-ÂéÕ
* “’¹£¾Çº Â颩𠓜Ē¹¯þ Ưä N¢ÅŒ °N ®¾Öª½ÕuºËo NÕ¢ê’-®¾Õh¢-Ÿ¿E “¤Ä<Ê ÍçjF-§Œá©Õ Ê„äÕt-„ê½Õ. “’¹£¾Çº ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð œ¿X¾Ûp©Õ, „êá-ŸÄu-©Åî åXŸ¿l’à ¬Á¦Çl©Õ Í䮾Öh N©x¢-¦Õ-©ÊÕ ‚ÂÃ-¬Á¢-„çjX¾Û ‡Â¹×ˆ-åX-˜äd-„ê½Õ
* Âî¤ò-“C-¹×h-©ãjÊ Âí¢Ÿ¿ª½Õ Ÿä«Û@ÁÙx ‚“’¹£¾Ç¢ Í碟¿œ¿¢ «©äx “’¹£¾Çº¢ \ª½p-œ¿Õ-Ōբ-Ÿ¿E “¤Ä<Ê “UÂ¹×©Õ Ê„äÕt-„ê½Õ
* ªÃ£¾Ý«Û Æ¯ä ªÃ¹~-®¾Õœ¿Õ ®¾Öª½ÕuºËo NÕ¢ê’-§ŒÕœ¿¢ «©x “’¹£¾Çº¢ \ª½p-œ¿Õ-Ōբ-Ÿ¿E ¦µÇª½-B-§Œá©Õ Ê„äÕt-„ê½Õ.

X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê©Õ
“’¹£¾ÇºÇ© ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð Ưä¹ ÂíÅŒh Æ¢¬Ç©Õ „ç©Õ-’¹Õ-©ðÂË «®¾Õh¢-šÇªá. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ꠬Ǯ¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ ‚ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð X¾J-¬ð-Ÿµ¿-Ê©Õ ²ÄT-®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ.
* 1919©ð ®¾¢¦µ¼-N¢-*Ê ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢ ‰¯þ-®Ôd¯þ ²ÄæX¹~ ®ÏŸÄl´¢-ÅÃEo ª½ÕV«Û Í䧌Õ-œÄ-EÂË ²Ä§ŒÕ-X¾-œË¢C.
* “’¹£¾Çº¢ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ®¾Öª½ÕuœË ¦Ç£¾Çu-«-©§ŒÕ¢ Ÿ¿ª½z-Ê-NÕ-®¾Õh¢C. DE-©ðE ²ùª½-ÅŒÕ-¤ÄÊÕx, „çŒá-«Û© Nœ¿Õ-Ÿ¿©ÊÕ ®¾p†¾d¢’à ʄçÖŸ¿Õ Í䧌Õ-«ÍŒÕa.
* ÂíÅŒh «â©-Âé Ưäy-†¾-ºÂ¹×, È’î@Á ’¹ºÇ¢-Âé X¾J-³Äˆ-ªÃ-EÂË “’¹£¾ÇºÇLo ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ …X¾-§çÖ-T¢-ÍŒÕ-¹ע-{Õ-¯Ãoª½Õ
* 1868, ‚’¹®¾Õd 16Ê ®¾¢¦µ¼-N¢-*Ê “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇEo ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à Í䮾Õ-ÂíE®¾Öª½Õu-œË©ð £ÔÇL§ŒÕ¢ …Êo ‚Ê-„Ã-@ÁxÊÕ Â¹ÊÕ-’í-¯Ãoª½Õ

¯Ãœ¿Õ
* “¤Ä<Ê ¦µÇª½ÅŒ Ÿä¬Á¢©ð È’î@Á NèÇcÊ¢ „äŸÄ-©Åî «áœË-X¾œË …¢œäC. ÅíL-²Ä-J’à Ȓî-@Á-¬Ç-®¾Y-„äÅŒh ‚ª½u-¦µ¼{d ²ùª½-C-¯Ã©ÊÕ ’¹Lê’ «u«-®¾nÊÕ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢* ƢŌ-J¹~ NèÇc-¯ÃEo “X¾•© «á¢Ÿ¿Õ ‚N-†¾ˆ-J¢-Íê½Õ. “ÂÌ.¬Á.498©ð “X¾ÍŒÕ-J-ÅŒ-„çÕiÊ '‚ª½u-¦µ¼-šÌd§ŒÕÑ “’¹¢Ÿ±¿¢©ð “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ-©Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ …¢C.
* ®¾Õ«Öª½Õ 4 „ä© \@Áx “ÂËÅŒ¢ ®¾Öª½u “’¹£¾Çº¢ \ª½p-œË-Ê{Õx Íçj¯Ã È’î-@Á-¬Ç-®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ ÅŒ«Õ X¾Û®¾h-Âéðx ªÃ¬Çª½Õ. “ÂÌ.X¾Ü. ƒC 2134, ÆÂîd-¦ªý 22Ê ®¾¢¦µ¼-N¢-*-Ê{Õx ÍŒJ-“ÅŒ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ©Õ ¦µÇN-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ.
* “ÂÌ.X¾Ü. 2300 ¯ÃšËê ÍçjF-§Œá©Õ “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇEo ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Í䧌Õ-œÄÂË “X¾Åäu-¹¢’à 'X¾J-Q-©Ê ¦µ¼«¢-ŌթÕÑÊÕ EJt¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ. “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ© X¾J-Q-©ÊÅî ÍŒ“¹-«Jh X¾Ÿ¿N «áœË-X¾œË …¢œäC. “ÂÌ.¬Á.206 ¯ÃšËÂË ÍŒ¢“Ÿ¿ÕE ’¹«Õ-¯ÃEo N¬ìx-†Ï¢-ÍŒœ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ ®¾Öª½u-“’¹-£¾Çº¢ ®¾¢¦µ¼-N¢Íä ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo È’î@Á ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ Ƣ͌¯Ã „䧌Õ-’¹-L-’ê½Õ
* “ÂÌ®¾Õh ¬Á¹¢ „ç៿šË ®¾£¾Ç-“²Ä-¦l¢ ¯ÃšËÂË “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇEo 15 ENÕ-³Ä© ÅäœÄÅî «á¢Ÿ¿Õ-’ïä Ƣ͌¯Ã „äæ® ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnuEo Íçj¯Ã È’î@Á ¬Ç®¾Y-„ä-ÅŒh©Õ ®¾¢¤Ä-C¢-Íê½Õ.
* “¤Ä<Ê ¨>X¾Ûd ¯Ã’¹-J-¹-ÅŒ-©ðE “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇ© ’¹ÕJ¢*Ê ®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ ®¾«Ö-Ÿµ¿Õ-©åXj …Êo *ÅŒh-ª½Õ-«Û©Õ, NNŸµ¿ ¬Ç®¾-¯Ã© ÊÕ¢* ©Gµ¢-*¢C.

ƒ¢ÅŒ-«-ª½Â¹Ø ÆÅŒu-CµÂ¹ «Õ¢C OÂË~¢-*Ê “’¹£¾Ç-º¢’à 1999, ‚’¹†¾ßd 11Ê \ª½p-œËÊ “’¹£¾Çº¢ X¶¾ÕÊÅŒ ²ÄCµ¢-*¢C. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ “’¹£¾Çº¢ ‚ JÂÃ-ª½Õf-©ÊÕ Aª½-’¹-ªÃ-§ŒÕ-ÊÕ¢C. ÆÅŒu-CµÂ¹ •¯Ã¦µÇ ¹L-TÊ Íçj¯Ã, ¦µÇª½Åý Ÿä¬Ç© „î¾Õ-©Â¹× ¨ “’¹£¾Ç-ºÇEo OÂË~¢Íä Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ ªÃ«-œ¿¢Åî ¨ ’¹ÕJh¢X¾Û ²ÄŸµ¿uX¾-œ¿Õ-Ōբ-C